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The incredibly removed Galaxy Jades-GS-Z13-1, just 330 million years after the Big Bang, was first discovered with a deep imaging by NASA by James Webb Space Telescope from NASA (Nah infrared camera). Now an international team of astronomers has finally identified a strong hydrogen emission from this galaxy in an unexpectedly early time in the history of the universe. Jades-GS-Z-13 has a red shift (z) of 13, which is an indication of his age and distance. | Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, Jades Collaboration, J. Witstok (University of Cambridge/University of Copenhagen), P. Jakobsen (University of Copenhagen), A. Pagan (STSCI), M. Zamani (ESA/Webb)
Astronomers have caught an immense antique galaxy that pierces the veil of darkness that hid the early universe.
It is surprisingly every light from a removed Galaxy Jades-GS-Z13-1-La reached the earth. Photons from the empire, which had recently landed on the mirrors of the James Webb World Cup telescope, existed when the universe was only 330 million years old -and at that time in his youth the universe was foggy and weak. A dense gas haze fulfilled the space between stars and even between galaxies to absorb and steam the whole universe in the dark.
Astronomers call this time the cosmic dark age, and Jades-GS-Z13-1-La is the earliest light that we (so far) penetrated this cosmic fog.
Move the light into a big moment for the universe
More than 13.5 billion years ago, Jades-GS-Z13-1-La Blowed in ultraviolet light-light as this light than this light exceeded billions of light years between its domestic galaxy and the Milky Way (which moved further all the time, thanks to the fact that the universe has still expanded, the big hit has still expanded.
As a result, the ultraviolet light of the distant galaxy had become infrared at the time when the Milky Way was reached.
Infrared is invisible to humans, but it is indeed visible to the sensitive instruments on board the JWST, such as the almost infrared camera, the near infrared spectrometer and the infrared instrument with the middle infrared.
The astrophysicist of the University of Copenhagen, Joris Witstok, and his colleagues used data from these instruments in order to throw light in the distant past of our universe for a mysterious time: the era of reicastization. Also known as Cosmic Dawn, this was the moment when the light of the first galaxies had eliminated the dense fog that absorbed the universe – about 400,000 years after the Big Bang and had absorbed UV light.
Jades-GS-Z13-1-La is at the top of this crucial moment in the history of our universe. It is one of the pioneers of travel and one of the oldest galaxies that we can actually see. And that means that it can teach physicists how this process happened and how the earliest galaxies have developed.
“I think one of the most fascinating questions about reilonization is whether we can determine the first moment that she began in the entire universe,” said Witstok to Space.com, “what is collapsing with the formation of the first generation of stars.”
From cosmic dark times to cosmic dawn
After around 300 million years after the Big Bang, the first stars from the original material of the universe teamed up. The nuclear fusion deep into these stars brought out the very first star light of the cosmos. At the same time, a dense fog made of hydrogen gas filled the universe with a little helium and took off the star light.
The cosmic dark age was in full swing.
The all -penetrating fog formed when the universe slowly cooled down from the enormous heat and the pressure of the big bang. Initially, all the affairs that had launched the Big Bang jumped around in the form of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons
These particles finally slowed down enough to grasp themselves and form atoms. Together, these atoms formed a thick hydrogen and helium that had no electrical load. This dense, neutral fog absorbed ultraviolet light and looked like a cosmic blackout curtain between the galaxies. But ultraviolet radiation changed the cloud itself, knocked the electrons of atoms and gave the gas an electrical load (or ionize how physicists would say).
Ionized gas, also called plasma, absorbs energy differently as neutral gas, so that the light of the galaxies had started to drill the veil at that time.
This picture shows the Galaxy Jades GS-Z13-1 (the red dot in the middle), which is mapped as part of the JWST Advanced Advanced Deep Exevalactic Survey (Jade) program by James Webb Space Telescope (Nah Infrarot camera) from NASA. | Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, Jades Collaboration, J. Witstok (University of Cambridge/University of Copenhagen), P. Jakobsen (University of Copenhagen), M. Zamani (ESA/Webb)
Light from Jades-GS-Z13-1-La would have created a bladder made of terrible plasma around itself. And until the light beyond the boundaries of this bladder overrun-etwa 650,000 light years, according to Witstok-Hatten, the wavelengths stretched so sufficiently that at least some of them would have gone through the intergalactic cloud.
The astrophysicist of the University of Melbourne, Michele Trenti, who was not involved in the study, tells Space.com that she is curious how these blisters of the plasma grown and overlook during the era of the eronization, until the entire universe was finally mature and transparent.
Massive stars or a super massive black hole?
Witstok and his colleagues noticed that the light of Jades-GS-Z13-1-La looked blue than expected (which means that more of it was shorter from the end of the electromagnetic spectrum). The galaxy also gives a surprising amount of a kind of light called lyman-α radiation. This lyman-radiation occurs when neutral hydrogen gets an ultraviolet radiation that excites its electron. When the electron saws again, it leaves this energy as a lyman radiation.
The presence of so much Lyman α in the spectrum of the galaxy indicates that it bombard the surrounding hydrogen with a lot of ultraviolet radiation.
“These two facts together make the galaxy unique (and therefore surprising),” says Trenti, “and [they’re] Incomprehensible with the expectations of typical galaxies that we see at the end of the risionization [around 0.8 billion to 1 billion years after the Big Bang]. “
Explaining the surprisingly energetic glow of the galaxy requires something else: Either Jades-GS-Z13-1-La is full of unusually massive, hot blue stars or it has an unusually large super massive black hole in its center, the active gas.
When we see the light from the billions of galaxy, these stars should be huge and hot: about 15 -hotter than the sun and more than hundred times more massive.
An illustration of the James Webb Space Telescope. | Credit: Northhrup Grumman
On the other hand, when we see the light from an insatiable, insatiable super massive black hole, it should be even more massive than that in the heart of our Milky Way that has the mass of about 4 million suns. For most models, such as galaxies (and the super massive black holes in their centers) formed and grew, this is a shocking idea: so early in the history of our universe should not have a super massive black hole to grow to such a gigantic size.
“There are certain theoretical models, which would be expected.
For Trenti, this is one of the most interesting questions about the era of rice sionization: “What are the radiation sources that contribute to reilonization? Is the process driven by normal stars, exotic stars or acckretting black holes?”
The answer could tell us something about how early galaxies developed and developed through and developed through and through modern neighbors.
A cosmic secret remains for now
But Witstok and his colleagues still don’t have enough information to solve this particular secret.
“This discovery begins a little light at the beginning of risionization, but it is just a preview that arouses curiosity. It is difficult to make science with a sample of only one object,” said Trenti.
Witstok agrees, but it is optimistic to find more galaxies from the top of the eronization era.
Related stories:
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– Has the James Webb World Space Telescope discovered a “missing” super massive black hole? (Video)
– Is our universe caught in a black hole? This discovery by James Webb Space Telescope could deal
“I am sure that in the next few years we will find examples of further distant galaxies with similar properties,” said Witstok. “One of the next steps is the examination of this galaxy in more detail, whereby new observations have already been preserved and more are to be planned in the near future, but further examples of galaxies with very light lyman-α radiation have also been found very early.”
If astronomers can receive more detailed measurements of the light spectrum from the galaxy, you may be able to measure how much helium, oxygen and carbon are involved in the production of the light. As a result, the measurements of JWST are compared with computer models of the physics involved and recognize which explanation best matches the data.
The study was published on March 26th In the magazine Nature.
